Surgical removal of uterine polyps in Kharkiv

Uterine polyp is a pathological proliferation (hyperplasia) of endometrial tissue. The endometrium is the mucous membrane lining the uterine cavity. Every month, under the influence of female sex hormones, it thickens in order to receive an embryo. If conception does not occur, the top layer of endometrium (functional) is rejected and exits the uterus, causing menstruation.

After its completion, a new functional layer is gradually formed from the cells of the lower (basal) layer of endometrium. This process is regulated by hormones, and if a failure occurs, then the cells begin to divide rapidly, leading to the growth of neoplasms on the endometrium.

Polyps of the uterus have a rounded body and are attached to its wall with a leg. Benign neoplasms can occur not only on the body of the uterus, but also on its cervix (polyps of the cervical canal). The growths can be both single and multiple (polyposis). The size of uterine polyps varies from 2-3 millimeters to several centimeters.

With a small size of neoplasms, symptoms are usually absent. Small polyps of endometrium are often detected by chance during examination by a gynecologist for another reason. Large or multiple neoplasms are characterized by pronounced clinical signs.

Symptoms of endometrial polyps:

• profuse menstruation;
• bleeding after menopause;
• pulling or sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
•  painful sensations, bleeding during intercourse (with polyps of the cervix);
•  white liquid discharge from vagina;
•  uterine bleeding between periods. 

If at least one of the listed symptoms appears, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist. Endometrial polyps are often the cause of infertility.

There are several types of endometrial polyps:

• glandular - consist of glandular epithelium and are diagnosed mainly in young women;
• fibrous - consist of connective tissue and are found mainly in women after 45 years;
• mixed - the polyp body consists of glandular epithelium, and the leg is formed of connective tissue;
• placental - formed after childbirth from placenta fragments. They consist mainly of connective tissue;
• adenomatous - consist of pathologically altered glandular cells and are considered a precancerous condition.

Causes of uterine polyps

The main cause of the polyps formation f in the uterus is hormonal disorders - an increased level of estrogen, which is responsible for the growth of the endometrium, and a low level of progesterone.

Other factors that provoke the onset and growth of uterine polyps include the following:

• polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS);
• diabetes mellitus;
• obesity;
• presence of intrauterine device;
• diseases of the liver and biliary tract;
• chronic inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs;
• other gynecological diseases - endometriosis, uterine fibroids;
• menstrual disorders (change in its duration, volume of discharge);
• artificial termination of pregnancy;
• age from 40 to 50 years. 

Hysteroresectoscopy of cervical polyps at “ON Clinic Kharkiv”

Polyps of uterus and cervix shall be surgically removed. Drug therapy is indicated only if there are contraindications to the operation, since it does not solve the problem, but only stops the growth of neoplasms.

To remove polyps of the cervix and the body of the uterus at the medical center “ON Clinic Kharkiv” the technique of endoscopic polyectomy (hysteroresectoscopy) is used. This is a low-traumatic operation that does not involve incisions, punctures on the body and sutures. Hysteroresectoscopy is performed on an outpatient basis and has a short recovery period.

During endoscopic surgery for polyps removal, access to the cervix and uterine cavity is carried out through the physiological opening - vagina. Intravenous anesthesia with hysteroresectoscopy. The operation lasts from 30 minutes to an hour.

A hysteroscope is inserted into the vagina - an optical device in the form of a thin long tube, into which a video camera, a light source and an electric loop (coagulator) are built. An enlarged image from the video camera is transmitted to the monitor allowing the doctor to control his actions. The surgeon examines uterine cavity, and then cauterizes the polyp leg with a loop and removes it from the uterine cavity.

The removed material is sent for histological examination to find out its nature - benign or malignant. After the completion of the procedure of hysteroresectoscopy of polyps, the patient is under the supervision of the medical staff in the ward from several hours to a day, and then is discharged home.

Medication after of the cervical polyp removal is prescribed to a woman if the neoplasms were of a glandular or mixed type. Therapy involves taking progesterone-based drugs for 3-6 months to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

Preparation for hysteroresectoscopy

Preparation for hysteroresectoscopy begins with consultation by a gynecologist. The doctor listens to the patient’s complaints, examines her medical history and conducts a gynecological examination. Then the woman is referred to additional examinations. The list of tests for hysteroresectoscopy includes:

• general and complete blood count;
• coagulogram (blood clotting study);
• analysis for blood group and Rh factor;
• urine analysis;
• smear on flora from the vagina;
• blood test for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis.

In addition to the listed tests, the patient needs to do electrocardiogram and fluorography, as well as consult with a therapist, who will give an opinion on her state of health.

Contraindications to hysteroresectoscopy:

• diseases of the external genital organs (fungal, venereal);
• violation of blood clotting;
•  chronic diseases in the acute stage;
• pathology of the cervix (cancer, stenosis);
• acute infectious diseases;
•  bleeding caused by another gynecological disease.

Hysteroresectoscopy is performed on the 5-7th day of the menstrual cycle. On the evening before and on the day of the operation, the patient must not eat, and two hours before the operation, one must not drink. In the morning, you need to wash the genitals without soap.

Make an appointment for a consultation by a gynecologist regarding the surgical removal of uterine polyps at the medical center “ON Clinic Kharkiv”. Leave a request on the website or call the specified phone number.